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Medieval (300-1500)
1198-1375
The Kingdom of Cilician Armenia: A Medieval Armenian State
After the fall of the Bagratid kingdom, Armenians established a new state on the Mediterranean coast of Cilicia, which flourished during the Crusades era.
The Kingdom of Cilician Armenia (1198-1375) represents a remarkable chapter in Armenian history. After the fall of the Bagratid kingdom and the Seljuk invasions, Armenian nobles migrated southward to the mountainous region of Cilicia on the Mediterranean coast.
Under the Rubenid and Hetumid dynasties, Cilician Armenia became a significant power in the Eastern Mediterranean. The kingdom established close ties with the Crusader states and European powers, serving as an important ally during the Crusades.
The capital city of Sis became a center of Armenian culture, producing magnificent illuminated manuscripts, theological works, and architectural achievements. The kingdom adopted many Western influences while maintaining its distinct Armenian character.
Cilician Armenia fell to the Mamluks in 1375, ending the last independent Armenian state until the 20th century. However, its legacy continued through the Armenian communities that spread throughout the Mediterranean world.